BIOLOGY 110 BIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN GM 3 u
A freshman-level introductory course that will cover broad topics of Scientific Method, Scientific Thinking, and initiate critical thinking skills using the field of neuroscience as the backdrop for investigation. Basic understanding of nerve biology, nerve cell function and communication between nerve cells. The course will climax with a survey of the final product of nerve activity: behavior. Not applicable to Biology Emphases or Biology Minors. Three hours of lecture per week.
Coreq: MATH 140 or MATH 141 or waiver thereof.
BIOLOGY 120 BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS* GL 4 u
A terminal course designed to introduce basic principles of life, such as structure and function, reproduction, evolution, diversity, and adaptation, leading to a broader understanding of man and his biological environment. Not applicable to biology emphases or minors. Three lectures and two hours of laboratory per week.
Coreq: MATH 140 or MATH 141 or equivalent.
BIOLOGY 141 BIOLOGY I: PLANT FOCUS GL 4 u
An introduction to plant life, with emphasis on the basic concepts of structure, function, growth and reproduction. Additional topics will include cell physiology, metabolism, and diversity. Three hours of laboratory and three hours of lecture per week. This course is prerequisite to all advanced courses in biology for majors and minors. Offered every term.
Coreq: MATH 141

BIOLOGY 142 BIOLOGY II: ANIMAL FOCUS GL 4 u
An introduction to animal life with emphasis on evolution, genetics, development, organ systems, ecology, and classification. Dissection of preserved animal specimens is a requirement for all students enrolled. Three hours of laboratory and three hours of lecture per week. This course is prerequisite to all advanced courses in biology. Offered every term.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141

BIOLOGY 200 WRITING IN BIOLOGY 2 u
This course is designed to develop the written communication skills of Biology students. It satisfies the Writing Proficiency requirement for all Biology majors. The two units do not apply towards the 34 unit major or any 22 unit Biology minor.
Prereq: ENGLISH 102 and BIOLOGY 141 and BIOLOGY 142.
BIOLOGY 214 ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY* GM 3 u
A study of basic ecological concepts and their application to the identification, understanding, and abatement of contemporary environmental problems. Special emphasis is given to those problems resulting from man and his activities. This course is accepted as a course in conservation required for teacher licensure in the sciences. Offered every term.
BIOLOGY 225 SCIENCE OF FORENSIC ANALYSIS 4 u
This is an introduction to the "Science" of Forensic Sciences. Students will understand what forensic science is and more importantly what it is not. Students will develop an understanding of the Forensic scientist's need for different lab skills from different fields of science and develop a "Forensic Mindset".
BIOLOGY 230 HUMAN SEXUALITY* GM 1 u
A study of the biological implications of human sexuality.
BIOLOGY 247 BIOETHICS GM 3 u
This course provides an introduction to the basic science underlying current research in biology, as well critical study of ethical, legal and social issues raised by technological applications of biological research in such fields as medicine, genetic counseling, law, and family planning.
BIOLOGY 251 INTRODUCTION TO GENETICS 4 u
An introduction to the general principles of inheritance; subjects included are basic transmission genetics, molecular genetics, genetic engineering, mutations, and population genetics. Three hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week. Offered every term.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141, BIOLOGY 142 and CHEM 102.
Unreq: BIOLOGY 413.
BIOLOGY 253 INTRODUCTION TO CELL BIOLOGY 3 u
Introduction to the chemical and physical bases of life; bacterial and eukaryotic cell structure and function; cellular respiration; photosynthesis; and molecular biology. Three hours of lecture per week. Offered every term.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141, BIOLOGY 142, and CHEM 102.
Coreq: CHEM 104.
BIOLOGY 254 BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY METHODS I 1 u
Introduction to theory and practice in modern biology labs, including principles of microscopy, photometry, chromatography, centrifugation, electrophoresis, and assay methods. Exercises include basic lab methods and techniques, microscopy, eukaryotic cell culture, and protein analysis. Three hours laboratory per week.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141, BIOLOGY 142 and CHEM 102
Coreq: BIOLOGY 252 and CHEM 104
BIOLOGY 257 INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY 3 u
A survey of ecosystems and animal and plant populations and communities. Topics include review of the Earth?s major biomes and the physical factors
that influence them, the ecology and evolution of populations, the nature of biotic communities, the structure and function of ecosystems, and the status and protection of biodiversity. Three hours of lecture per week. Optional field trip. Offered every term.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141 and BIOLOGY 142 with a grade of "C" or better.
Unreq: BIOLOGY 214

BIOLOGY 258 FIELD EXPERIENCE 2 u
Introduction to regional terrestrial and aquatic biological communities and field techniques for studying these communities. Field work and lectures will emphasize recognition of biotic community types, interpretation of their dynamics, and methods for identifying and surveying organisms. Weekend field trip required. Registration priority given to Ecology/Field track majors.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141 and 142 with a grade of "C" or better.
Coreq: BIOLOGY 257

BIOLOGY 303 PLANNING AND PRESENTING BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 4 u
Students will learn fundamentals of hypothesis formation and testing, experimental design, and to evaluate research methodologies published in the biological literature. Students will write about their own research, and become familiar with the standards for publication of research results. Critical analysis of quantitative methods in biology. Recommended for the Ecology and Field Biology emphasis; strongly encouraged for Cell Biology and Physiology emphasis.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141 and BIOLOGY 142 with a grade of "C" or better and MATH 141 with a grade of "C" or better.
BIOLOGY 310 BIOLOGY OF AGING 3 u
A study of the biological phenomena associated with aging, including theories and characteristics of aging, changes in body functions and behavior modifications of physical and physiological changes.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 120 or BIOLOGY 142 or consent of instructor. A course in Human Anatomy and Physiology and Chemistry is desirable but not necessary.
BIOLOGY 311 MICROBIOLOGY 4 u
Examination of organisms too small to be seen by the unaided eye, ranging from their molecular organization to their role in global ecology. Primary emphasis will be the study of bacteria and viruses, their beneficial or detrimental impacts on humans, animals, and plants, and their current and potential exploitation. Two lectures and two labs per week. Offered every term.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141, BIOLOGY 142, BIOLOGY 251, BIOLOGY 253, CHEM 102 and CHEM 104; all with a grade of "C" or better.
Coreq (recommended): CHEM 251
BIOLOGY 317 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 3 u
Organized around the growth of plants stressing the living processes. The laboratory emphasizes nutrition, growth, hormones, water relations, photosynthesis, respiration and bioassay techniques.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141 and BIOLOGY 142 with a grade of "C" or better or equivalents.
BIOLOGY 327/527 PLANT PATHOLOGY 3u
A study of all major groups of plant pathogenic organisms, including viruses, bacteria, phytoplasmas, fungi, nematodes, insects. The course will focus on the molecular aspects of Plant Pathology, which revolutionized our understanding of host-pathogen interactions, taxonomy and the use of genetically modified crops with inherent pathogen protection. Two lectures and two hours of lab per week.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141 and BIOLOGY 142
BIOLOGY 340 COMPARATIVE VERTEBRATE ANATOMY 4 u
Dissection and study of vertebrate types emphasizing characteristic structures, general relationships, comparative anatomy, and the significance of adaptation and evolution. Laboratory work, lectures and quizzes. Offered every fall.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141 and BIOLOGY 142 with a grade of "C" or better.
BIOLOGY 341 ANIMAL DEVELOPMENT 4 u
A study of reproductive cycles, gametogenesis and fertilization; the establishment of tissues, organs and systems. Introduction to embryological experimental techniques and procedures for study of frog, chick, and pig. Laboratory, lecture and quizzes.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 251 and BIOLOGY 253 with a grade of "C" or better or equivalents.
BIOLOGY 345 ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY 4 u
A study of the functional mechanisms that underlie the life processes in animals. Six hours of laboratory and lecture per week. Offered every spring.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 253 with a grade of "C" or better or equivalents.
BIOLOGY 351 THE PLANT KINGDOM 3 u
A study of the major groups of plants with emphasis on structure, reproduction, classification and evolution.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141 and BIOLOGY 142 with a grade of "C" or better or equivalents.
BIOLOGY 353 PLANT TAXONOMY 3 u
The principles of plant classification and identification, with emphasis on flowering plants of this region. Lectures, laboratories and field trips.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141 and BIOLOGY 142 with a grade of "C" or better or consent of instructor.
BIOLOGY 354 FIELD BOTANY 3 u
A study of the identification and ecology of flowering plants, conifers and ferns. Emphasis will be given to the plants and plant communities in the vicinity of the course location. A collection of local plants is required of all students. Field trips required.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141 or an equivalent introductory botany course or consent of instructor.
BIOLOGY 361 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I 4 u
A study of the structure and function of the human body at the level of organs and systems. This course covers the following topics: Anatomical Structure, Basic Histology, Bones, Muscles, and Nervous System. Three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Offered every fall term.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 120 or BIOLOGY 141 and BIOLOGY 142 all with a grade of "C" or better or consent of instructor.
BIOLOGY 362 HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II 4 u
A study of the structure and function of the human body at the level of organs and systems. This is the second term course of a two term sequence. This course represents coverage of the following topics: Endocrinology, Circulatory System, Cardiac System, Lymphatic System, Respiration, Digestion and Metabolism, Renal, and Reproduction and Development. Three hours of lecture and three hours of laboratory per week. Offered every spring term.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 361 with a grade of "C" or better or consent of instructor.
BIOLOGY 363 MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 3 u
Discussion of modern molecular methods and approaches used in cellular and genomic analysis of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Special emphasis will be given to high throughput genomic analysis tools and molecular approaches targeted towards understanding of basic cellular mechanisms, processes involved in the regulation of gene expression, gene evolution, and host pathogen interactions in plants, animals and humans. Three hours of lecture per week. 3 credits, lecture only course.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 251 AND BIOLOGY 253 with a grade of "C" or better
Coreq: CHEM 251
BIOLOGY 364 BIOTECHNOLOGY LABORATORY METHODS II 1 u
Introduction to the theory, techniques, and practices employed in modern molecular biotechnology labs. Concepts/techniques covered will include basic lab and instrumentation skills, nucleic acid isolation, purification, and quantitation, DNA cloning and manipulation methods, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gel electrophoretic analysis of nucleic acids, nucleic acid blotting, and introduction to bioinformatic analysis. Three hours of laboratory per week.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 251, 253 AND 254 all with a grade of "C" or better
Coreq: BIOLOGY 363 AND CHEM 251
BIOLOGY 370 AQUATIC BIOLOGY 3 u
The study of aquatic environment, its fauna, flora and general ecology. The laboratory will emphasize the taxonomic study of aquatic organisms.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 257 and CHEM 102 with a grade of "C" or better or equivalents.
BIOLOGY 375 INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY 3 u
A comprehensive study of the structure, physiology, natural history and significance of the major groups of invertebrate animals. Five hours of laboratory and lecture per week.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141 and BIOLOGY 142 with a grade of "C" or better or equivalents.

BIOLOGY 390/590 BIOLOGY COLLOQUIUM .5 u
Lecturer on current research and career opportunities in biology through the colloquium format. Required of Biology majors offered on a satisfactory/no credit basis every term. May not be taken concurrently with Senior Biology Colloquium.
Prereq: Biology 141, Biology 142 and Sophomore standing or higher.

BIOLOGY 400 SENIOR BIOLOGY COLLOQUIUM .5 u
Continuation of Biological Sciences BIOLOGY 390. Lectures on current research and career opportunities in biology through the colloquium format. Required of Biology majors. Offered on a satisfactory/no credit basis only. Offered every term. May not be taken concurrently with Biological Sciences BIOLOGY 390.
Prereq: Biology 141, Biology 142 and Senior standing.
BIOLOGY 412 IMMUNOLOGY 2 u
Immunity to infectious diseases related to changes in the constituents of the blood is explored. Transplantation of tissues, allergies, and autoimmune diseases are discussed. One hour of lecture and two hours of laboratory per week.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 251 and BIOLOGY 253 with a grade of "C" or better or equivalents.
BIOLOGY 415 ENDOCRINOLOGY 3 u
A study of the hormonal regulation of metabolism, growth and reproduction. This course is a survey of endocrine and neuroendocrine mechanisms in humans and higher vertebrates. Two hours of lecture, two hours of laboratory per week.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 253 with a grade of "C" or better
BIOLOGY 422 ORNITHOLOGY 3 u
Laboratory and field study of bird classification, evolution, anatomy, physiology, behavior, ecology, distribution and life histories. Field identification of resident and migrant Wisconsin birds is emphasized. Off-campus field trips. Four hours of lecture and laboratory.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 257 with a grade of "C" or better or equivalent.
BIOLOGY 423 MAMMALOGY 3 u
The evolution, classification, morphology, biogeography, ecology, and natural history of mammals of the world. Laboratory emphasis will be on Wisconsin mammals. Four hours of lecture and laboratory per week. Required field trips.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 257 with a grade of "C" or better or equivalent.
BIOLOGY 430 ANIMAL BEHAVIOR 3 u
Behavior of animals as individuals and groups, including study of causation, development, integration, evolution and adaptive value of behavior patterns. Lecture and laboratory.
Prereq: Junior standing and one of the following: BIOLOGY 142 with a grade of "C" or better or BIOLOGY 120 with a grade of "B" or better and permission of the instructor or PSYCH 211 with a grade of "C" or better and permission of the instructor.
BIOLOGY 444 CELL BIOLOGY 3 u
Advanced topics in eukaryotic cellular structure, regulation, and function, with particular focus on cell growth, synthesis and transport of biomolecules, intra- and intercellular signals, cell differentiation, and cell motility. Laboratory exercises will include protein analysis, cell manipulation, cytochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. Four hours of lecture and laboratory per week.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 251, BIOLOGY 253, and CHEM 251 all with a grade of "C" or better.
BIOLOGY 446 ORGANIC EVOLUTION 3 u
History of evolutionary thought, evidences of evolution and analysis of evolutionary mechanisms and processes.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 251 with a grade of "C" or better.
BIOLOGY 453 ANIMAL HISTOLOGY 3 u
A study of the minute structure of animal tissues by examination of materials prepared for the light microscope supplemented by micrographs showing details revealed with electron microscopy. Emphasis on human microscopic anatomy. Four hours of laboratory and lecture per week.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 253 or equivalent.
BIOLOGY 454 VERTEBRATE FIELD BIOLOGY 3 u
A study of the classification, distribution, ecology and life histories of the vertebrates. Special emphasis is given to the vertebrates of Wisconsin. A collection of local vertebrates will be required. Four hours of laboratory and lecture per week. Field trips.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 257 with a grade of "C" or better or equivalent.
BIOLOGY 457 GENERAL ECOLOGY 4 u
A study of biotic populations and communities and natural ecosystems. Contemporary ecological theory and techniques will be emphasized. Laboratory exercises will include field studies, laboratory experiments, and computer simulations and analysis. Six hours of lecture or laboratory per week.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 251 or equivalent; BIOLOGY 257 or equivalent; BIOLOGY 303 or equivalent; MATH 231 or MATH 342 or PSYCH 215 or equivalent all with a grade of "C" or better.
BIOLOGY 467 CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 3 u
A study of the application of modern principles of ecology, genetics and evolution to the preservation of natural communities and their constituent organisms. Topics covered include causes and consequences of rarity of organisms, population viability analysis, preservation of genetic diversity, island biogeography, fragmentation and edge effects, and both in situ and ex situ measures for the protection of biodiversity. Three hours of lecture per week.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 251, BIOLOGY 257, MATH 231 or MATH 442 or PSYCH 215 or equivalent statistics all with a grade of "C" or better.
BIOLOGY 490/690 BIOLOGY WORKSHOP 1-3 u
Repeatable.
Prereq: Consent of instructor.
BIOLOGY 491/691 TRAVEL STUDY Repeatable 1-3 u
BIOLOGY 492/692 LABORATORY TEACHING EXPERIENCE 1 u
This course provides teaching experience at the college level for undergraduate students. Undergraduate teaching experience students will assist faculty members in preparing, delivering, and tearing down laboratory or discussion section instructional units in biology courses, conducting review sessions, and tutoring students under the direct supervision of a faculty mentor. S/NC only.
Prereq: Grade of B or better in the assigned course and a GPA of 3.0 or better. Approval of a faculty mentor and the Biological Sciences Department.
BIOLOGY 493 INTERNSHIP IN BIOLOGY Repeatable 1-12 u
S/NC grade basis only.
BIOLOGY 494/694 SEMINAR 1 u
Repeatable two times for a maximum of 2 units in degree.
Prereq: 16 hours of biology including botany and zoology.
BIOLOGY 496/696 SPECIAL STUDIES 1-3 u
Repeatable for a maximum of 3 units in major.
BIOLOGY 497 EXCHANGE STUDY Repeatable 1-12 u
BIOLOGY 498 INDEPENDENT STUDY 1-3 u
Repeatable for a maximum of 6 units in major.
Prereq: BIOLOGY 141, BIOLOGY 142, and a 2.75 grade point average in biology.

BIOLOGY 499 BIOLOGY THESIS 2-3 u
A substantial research project written in the form of a thesis. The thesis will require an oral defense normally to take place at the end of the spring term of the senior year. This course should be available for senior students in a Biology Honors Emphasis only.
Prereq: Senior standing
*Not applicable to major or minor in liberal arts or secondary education.